This tutorial shows how to completely remove or uninstall a package in Ubuntu 11.10. These instructions should work for other versions of Ubuntu, it’s derivatives (Edubuntu, Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Xubuntu) and other Debian based Linux distributions – but no guarantee is made.

The Problem

A package is installed using either Ubuntu Software Center or apt-get. Later it is uninstalled, but you discover that not everything has been removed. Usually, this happens when you install and then uninstall one of the alternate Ubuntu desktops (Edubuntu, Kubuntu, Lubuntu, or Xubuntu) – the result is a mess.

This happens because a number of Recommended and Extra packages are installed along with the requested package. Unfortunately, many times, these Recommended and Extrapackages are not removed during uninstallation.

Example 1 – an easy to clean up install

Installing the package stellarium causes an extra package called stellarium-data to be installed as well:

richard@richard-VirtualBox:~$ sudo apt-get install stellarium
[sudo] password for richard:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  stellarium-data
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  stellarium stellarium-data
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 100 not upgraded.
Need to get 35.6 MB of archives.
After this operation, 48.2 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? 

Uninstalling the package stellarium does not uninstall the extra package.

When using apt-get to remove stellarium (yellow) we are informed that an extra package had been installed (red) and should be removed using apt-get autoremove. The only package being removed by apt-get is the stellarium package (blue):

richard@richard-VirtualBox:~$ sudo apt-get remove stellarium
[sudo] password for richard:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer
required:
  stellarium-data
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  stellarium
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 100 not upgraded.
After this operation, 7,090 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? 

Running the command apt-get autoremove removes certain types of packages. It removes packages that depend on other packages, but those packages no longer exist:

richard@richard-VirtualBox:~$ sudo apt-get autoremove
[sudo] password for richard:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  stellarium-data
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 123 not upgraded.
After this operation, 41.1 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? 

Those two steps of running the apt-get with the commands remove and autoremove can be combined into a single step. In this case, you specify the remove command and the --auto-remove flag / switch (yes, I know, it is spelled differently from the command, I have no idea why). This is how the Ubuntu Software Center runs the command when you use it to remove Remove a package:

richard@richard-VirtualBox:~$ sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove stellarium
[sudo] password for richard:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  stellarium stellarium-data
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 100 not upgraded.
After this operation, 48.2 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? 

Example 2 – a hard to clean up install

Not all recommended and extra packages that apt-get installs are easy to uninstall.

If you install one of the Ubuntu based desktops, like edubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-desktop, lubuntu-desktop, or xubuntu-desktop, you will find they install many recommended and extra packages. These extra packages might add to the experience of the installed package, but they don’t get removed when you uninstall the package. For example, installing lubuntu-desktop will also install the Abiword word processor, a number of games, the Chromium web browser along with many other packages.

Notice all the extra packages (blue) being installed along with lubuntu-desktop (yellow):

richard@richard-VirtualBox:~$ sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop
[sudo] password for richard:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  abiword abiword-common abiword-plugin-grammar
  abiword-plugin-mathview ace-of-penguins audacious
  audacious-plugins chromium-browser chromium-browser-l10n
  chromium-codecs-ffmpeg elementary-icon-theme
  esound-common galculator gdebi gdebi-core giblib1
  gnome-icon-theme-full gnome-mplayer gnome-time-admin
  gnumeric gnumeric-common gnumeric-doc gpicview guvcview
  hardinfo indicator-status-provider-pidgin leafpad libabiword-2.8
  libaiksaurus-1.2-0c2a libaiksaurus-1.2-data
  libaiksaurusgtk-1.2-0c2a libaudclient2 libaudcore1 libaudiofile0
  libbinio1ldbl libcddb2 libcompfaceg1 libcue1 libdiscid0 libesd0
  libexo-1-0 libexo-common libfluidsynth1 libfm-data libfm-gtk-data
  libfm-gtk1 libfm1 libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a
  libgoffice-0.8-8 libgoffice-0.8-8-common libgringotts2
  libgsf-1-114 libgsf-1-common libgtkmathview0c2a libimlib2
  libjpeg-progs liblink-grammar4 libloudmouth1-0 libmcrypt4 libmcs1
  libmenu-cache1 libmowgli2 libmusicbrainz3-6 libobrender27 libobt0
  libonig2 libopenal1 libopts25 libots0 libpisock9
  libresid-builder0c2a libsidplay2 libsvga1 libtar0 libuniconf4.6
  libvdpau1 libwebcam0 libwv-1.2-3 libwvstreams4.6-base
  libwvstreams4.6-extras libxfce4ui-1-0 libxfce4util-bin
  libxfce4util-common libxfce4util4 libxfcegui4-4 libxfconf-0-2
  libxvidcore4 link-grammar-dictionaries-en lm-sensors
  lubuntu-artwork lubuntu-core lubuntu-default-settings
  lubuntu-icon-theme lxappearance lxappearance-obconf lxde-common
  lxde-core lxdm lxinput lxkeymap lxlauncher lxmenu-data lxpanel
  lxpanel-indicator-applet-plugin lxrandr lxsession lxsession-edit
  lxshortcut lxtask lxterminal mplayer mtpaint ntp obconf openbox
  openbox-themes osmo pcmanfm pidgin pidgin-data pidgin-libnotify
  pidgin-microblog plymouth-theme-lubuntu-logo
  plymouth-theme-lubuntu-text python-xklavier scrot sylpheed
  sylpheed-doc sylpheed-i18n sylpheed-plugins transmission ttf-lyx
  uvcdynctrl uvcdynctrl-data wvdial xfburn xfce-keyboard-shortcuts
  xfce4-power-manager xfce4-power-manager-data xfconf xfonts-100dpi
  xpad xscreensaver
Suggested packages:
  gecko-mediaplayer gnumeric-plugins-extra epiphany-browser
  docbook-xsl mesa-utils evince-gtk libmcrypt-dev mcrypt
  libmcs-backend-gconf libmcs-utils jpilot pilot-link kpilot
  gnome-pilot claws-mail nvidia-vdpau-driver vdpau-driver fancontrol
  sensord read-edid i2c-tools indicator-application-gtk2
  indicator-messages-gtk2 indicator-sound-gtk2 mplayer-doc netselect
  fping ntp-doc menu ttf-dejavu libxml2-dev gnome-panel
  kdebase-workspace-bin docker claws-mail-tools bsfilter
  xfce4-power-manager-plugins xfs xserver xfishtank xdaliclock
  fortune qcam streamer gdm3 kdm-gdmcompat
Recommended packages:
  amixer locales-all
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  abiword abiword-common abiword-plugin-grammar
  abiword-plugin-mathview ace-of-penguins audacious
  audacious-plugins chromium-browser chromium-browser-l10n
  chromium-codecs-ffmpeg elementary-icon-theme esound-common
  galculator gdebi gdebi-core giblib1 gnome-icon-theme-full
  gnome-mplayer gnome-time-admin gnumeric gnumeric-common
  gnumeric-doc gpicview guvcview hardinfo
  indicator-status-provider-pidgin leafpad libabiword-2.8
  libaiksaurus-1.2-0c2a libaiksaurus-1.2-data
  libaiksaurusgtk-1.2-0c2a libaudclient2 libaudcore1 libaudiofile0
  libbinio1ldbl libcddb2 libcompfaceg1 libcue1 libdiscid0 libesd0
  libexo-1-0 libexo-common libfluidsynth1 libfm-data libfm-gtk-data
  libfm-gtk1 libfm1 libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a
  libgoffice-0.8-8 libgoffice-0.8-8-common libgringotts2
  libgsf-1-114 libgsf-1-common libgtkmathview0c2a libimlib2
  libjpeg-progs liblink-grammar4 libloudmouth1-0 libmcrypt4 libmcs1
  libmenu-cache1 libmowgli2 libmusicbrainz3-6 libobrender27 libobt0
  libonig2 libopenal1 libopts25 libots0 libpisock9
  libresid-builder0c2a libsidplay2 libsvga1 libtar0 libuniconf4.6
  libvdpau1 libwebcam0 libwv-1.2-3 libwvstreams4.6-base
  libwvstreams4.6-extras libxfce4ui-1-0 libxfce4util-bin
  libxfce4util-common libxfce4util4 libxfcegui4-4 libxfconf-0-2
  libxvidcore4 link-grammar-dictionaries-en lm-sensors
  lubuntu-artwork lubuntu-core lubuntu-default-settings
  lubuntu-desktop lubuntu-icon-theme lxappearance
  lxappearance-obconf lxde-common lxde-core lxdm lxinput
  lxkeymap lxlauncher lxmenu-data lxpanel
  lxpanel-indicator-applet-plugin lxrandr lxsession lxsession-edit
  lxshortcut lxtask lxterminal mplayer mtpaint ntp obconf openbox
  openbox-themes osmo pcmanfm pidgin pidgin-data pidgin-libnotify
  pidgin-microblog plymouth-theme-lubuntu-logo
  plymouth-theme-lubuntu-text python-xklavier scrot sylpheed
  sylpheed-doc sylpheed-i18n sylpheed-plugins transmission ttf-lyx
  uvcdynctrl uvcdynctrl-data wvdial xfburn xfce-keyboard-shortcuts
  xfce4-power-manager xfce4-power-manager-data xfconf xfonts-100dpi
  xpad xscreensaver
0 upgraded, 145 newly installed, 0 to remove and 19 not upgraded.
Need to get 86.9 MB of archives.
After this operation, 315 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? 

Uninstalling lubuntu-desktop using sudo apt-get remove lubuntu-desktop only removes the lubuntu-desktop package (yellow) but none of the other packages that were installed installed with it:

richard@richard-VirtualBox:~$ sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove lubuntu-desktop
[sudo] password for richard:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  lubuntu-desktop
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 123 not upgraded.
After this operation, 32.8 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? 

This is because none of those packages depend on lubuntu-desktop to function. They are recommended and installed because they contribute to the overall “Lubuntu experience”. They all have to be removed separately.

The post Ubuntu 11.10 – How to Completely Remove a Package appeared first on Complete, Concrete, Concise.

This tutorial is for Ubuntu 11.10, however, it should be the same for other versions of Ubuntu (and derivatives, like edubuntu, kubuntu, lubuntu, and xubuntu) and other Linux distributions based on Debian.

However, no guarantee is made.

What makes Ubuntu very easy to use is the Ubuntu Software Center which allows users an easy way to select and install or remove packages (usually programs).

However, when you search the web looking for help with Ubuntu, often times you see something to the effect of:

While this is clear for those who know what it means, I believe the majority of Ubuntu users are those who want a simple to install and use Linux OS – they are not interested in lower level details of managing their system.

Advantages of using apt-get

When you use the Ubuntu Software Manager, all the details of the installation are hidden from you – you don’t know if you are installing just one package or twelve.

Using apt-get, you can see which packages are going to be installed. This also makes it easier to know which packages to uninstall if you uninstall later.

Another advantage of using apt-get instead of the Ubuntu Software Center is that apt-get allows you to install multiple packages with a single command. With the Ubuntu Software Center you need to install each package separately.

For example, if I want to install the astronomy packages Stellarium and Celestia GNOME using the Ubuntu Software Center, I need to install each separately. Using apt-get, I can install both from the same command by separating them with a space:

sudo apt-get install stellarium celestia-gnome

What it is

The command is really two commands:

1. sudo – a command to grant super user access to the system. Ubuntu is configured to prevent administrative (or system level) changes to the operating system. This is a security measure. sudo allows a user to temporarily override this behaviour.
2. apt-get – the Advanced Packaging Tool which allows users to install, remove, and update packages on their system.

Using apt-get

1) Type the command and press Enter (in this case, I am installing the package stellarium):

2) Type your password and press Enter. Note: as a security measure, your keystrokes are not echoed back to you. You will be typing, but see no feedback on the screen. While weird, this is normal.

3) Examine the install information (if you like):

The install information shows you the following:

• Any extra packages that will be installed along with the selected package (yellow)
• The list of packages to be installed this includes the package you are installing along with any extra packages needed (green)
• A summary of (1) number of packages being upgraded, (2) number of new packages being installed, (3) number of packages being removed, (4) number of packages that are unaffected (red)
• How large the download will be (blue)
• How much disk space will be used by the installation (grey)

4) If you want to go ahead with the installation, press Enter. If you changed your mind, type n (upper or lower case – it doesn’t matter) and press Enter,

5) Wait for the installation to finish. During installation, you will see downloading information and installation information:

The post Ubuntu 11.10 – Understanding sudo apt-get install … appeared first on Complete, Concrete, Concise.